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Robert II 1371-1390
The first Stewart king, succeeding in right of his mother Princess Marjory, d of Robert I The Bruce. Guardian of Scotland for David II. An uneventful reign.
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Robert III 1390-1406
Strong man was the brother Robert, Earl of Fife. Widening gap between highlands and lowlands.
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James I 1406-1437
Youthful prisoner in England. Strong Govt 1424-37.A poet. St Andrew University founded 1412. Renewal of Auld Alliance 1428. Law and order established. Murdered 1437.
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James II of the fiary face, 1437-1460
Rise of the Douglases. New coinage. Founding of Glasgow University 1450. Broke power of the Douglases. Killed by an exploding canon.
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James III 1460-1488
A patron of the Arts. Early Renaissance. Inflation. Rise of the Boyd family. Rebellion. Murdered.
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James IV 1488-1513
A Renaissance prince: highly competent: a Gaelic speaker: supported united Christendom against Ottoman power: builder....Falkland Palace, Holyroodhouse: built the navy " The Great Michael": College of Surgeons 1505, printing press 1507: University of Aberdeen 1512. Killed at Flodden.
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James V 1513-1542
Unhappy childhood: went about in disguise as an ordinary citizen:embellishment of Falkland: enforcement of law: died of a broken heart after battle of Solway Moss.
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Mary of Guise 1515-1560
Played crucial part in politics. Supported Auld Alliance with France against English Party. Witnessed 'rough wrong' of 1547 - invading English destroyed 4 fine assays, 7 monasteries, 5 market towns and plundered 243 villages. Saw inroads of Protestantism but died before arrival of daughter in 1561 as Q of Scots.
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Mary Stuart 1542-1567
Adoption of the French spelling of Stuart. Regency of the Queen Mother Mary of Guise until 1560. Married next heir to the throne, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. Turbulent reign: rise of protestantism. Forced abdication: fled to England: executed there 1587.
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James VI 1567-1625
King of England and Ireland from 1603, and first King of Great Britain. An able ruler, but returned to Scotland only once.
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Charles I 1625-1649
Sound renaissance education and a linguist. A great art collector: invited van Dyck to his court: peaceful reign for 11 years; little political skills in face of the rise of parliamentary power: lost the civil war that followed and was executed by Cromwell and the republicans.
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Charles II 1649-1685
A joyous restoration in 1660 after 11 years of puritan govt and dictatorship.A pragmatic and clever ruler; a patron of science and medicine; died a Catholic.
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James VII of Scotland and II of England and Great Britain.
A catholic king and a poor politician. A troubled reign: after the invasion of Dutch William goes into exile in France and dies in 1701, having reigned only 1685-1689.
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James VIII and III
1701-1766
King de jure. Never reigned; many attempts to regain thrones 1715-16 when landed in Scotland but wasn't crowned. In exile in France and Italy; a highly cultured man and patron of the arts.
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Charles III de jure
1766-1788
Better known to history as Bonnie Prince Charlie: the rising of 1745 and its romantic story: no legitimate children. Succeeded by his brother.
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Henry IX, the Cardinal King and technically Henry I of Scotland.
A man of ability and geniality who never pressed his dynastic claims. Impoverished by the French revolution he gratefully accepted a pension from the Hanoverian George III. He was the last of the male line of the royal Stuarts.
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